What is impedance

Impedance (Z)  is similar to Resistance (R) . Impedance and Resistance both oppose the current in the circuit. Both are almost the same thing, But resistance related to DC Circuit. Resistance opposes the steady electric current in the DC circuit. Resistance remains the same (constant) at any different frequency range.

Impedance is related to the AC circuit. Impedance varies according to changing the frequency, this is not constant at different frequency ranges. Impedance also includes reactance (Inductive and capacitive property of the circuit).

Reactance

Reactance is the Resistance produced to AC Currents by Inductors and Capacitors only. This is a measure of the type of opposition to AC electricity due to capacitance or inductance.

The impedance is denoted by Z and unit of it is Ohm (Ω).

If the level of ohm is higher then the level impedance is also higher. 

Impedance = Resistance + Reactance (Either inductive or Capacitive or both)

In DC circuit, Impedance is an effective Resistance of the circuit.

                Z= R

In AC circuits, it possesses both magnitude and phase, unlike resistance, which has only magnitude. 

In the case of a capacitor, When the frequency increased then the resistance (Impedance) of the capacitor decreases. In Inductor this is just the opposite, When we increase the frequency range then Impedance increases in the inductor.

Impedance  

Impedance is defined as a combination of resistance and reactance.

As we cannot assume any circuit with DC Current without Resistance, We cannot assume a circuit with AC current without Impedance.

Resistive Power– Energy burned by resistive power to Heat  goes through that system,

In Reactive Power- the energy that goes to Antennas, Speakers,  transmission lines, cables, etc represents how much energy is stored and propagated. Not burn to heat ie Impedance.

Resistance     If there is Only Resistor is connected with Load in any circuit then is called Resistor.

   • Reactance       If any circuit there is Only an inductor or capacitor connected with load. Then the value of v/I is called reactance.

In Reactance, There are 2 cases

(1)  If the inductor in connected then in this case reactance is called inductive reactance,

and its value in scalar form  X_L = ѡL,  and in vector form X_L=JѡL  Where ѡ=2Πf.  Here If the frequency is increased then the value of wL is also increased.

(2) If Capacitor is connected then the Reactance is called Capacitive Reactance and it is denoted by (scalar form) Xc =  

In vector form    Where    If frequency (f) is increased then the value of Xc is decreased.  ie ω inversely proportional to 2Πf.

♦  Impedance –  If Any circuit consists of Resistance –Inductor. Or Resistance – Capacitor, Or Resistance-inductor-Capacitor. Then the value of v/I is called Impedance.

It is denoted by    

• If Resistor(R) and Inductor(L) are connected –The value of Impedance (scaler form)   

In vector form Z= R+jωL

• If Resistor (R) and Capacitor(C) connected –  Then

Impedance  

And In vector form impedance

• If the Resistor (R), Inductor (L) capacitor (C) Connected – Then

            

Impedance       

In vector form   

Phasor Diagram of Impedance

Unit

• Impedance – Ω
• Reactance –  Ω
• Resistance – Ω

 

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